Calculator · Code reference

ADA ramp slope calculator

A ramp’s slope is just rise divided by run, but the pass/fail limit depends on whether the ramp is on an accessible route and whether the project is new construction or an existing-building alteration. This tool computes the slope and checks it against both.

This calculator computes ramp slope from rise and run and checks it against the ADA 2010 Standards’ 1:12 accessible-route limit (Section 405.2, matched by IBC Section 1012), including what an existing-building alteration exception could allow when the default limit is not met. It is a reference estimate, not a code determination: confirm the applicable standard and any local amendments with your local building department or accessibility specialist.

Before you use this: what this tool is and is not

This is a reference and estimating tool, not a code determination. It checks the rise and run you enter against the ADA 2010 Standards and the matching IBC ramp provisions. It does not know whether your project qualifies as an existing facility, or whether a local amendment changes these numbers. Confirm the applicable standard with your Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) or an accessibility specialist before you rely on the result.

This page uses the ADA 2010 Standards for Accessible Design, Section 405, and the matching ramp provisions in IBC Section 1012 (2021 and 2024 International Building Code). Vehicle and parking-garage ramps are out of scope — they follow a different provision, not the pedestrian ramp rules used here.

Calculate a ramp’s slope

Ramp slope calculator

For pedestrian means-of-egress and accessible ramps only. Not for vehicle or parking-garage ramps.

The limits this tool checks

Per the U.S. Access Board’s guide to ramps and curb ramps and the ADA 2010 Standards, Section 405 (both accessed 2026-09-17), matched on the building-code side by IBC’s ramp requirements under Section 1012 (accessed 2026-09-17):

Ramp slope and dimension limits used by this calculatorSwipe or scroll sideways to read all columns.
Ramp typeMaximum running slopeOther limits
Accessible / egress ramp (ADA 405.2, IBC 1012)1:12 (8.33%)Cross slope 1:48 (2.08%) max; 30 in max rise per run before a landing; landings at least 60 in × 60 in; handrails required when rise exceeds 6 in; clear width at least 36 in between handrails
Other pedestrian ramp, not on an accessible or egress route (IBC 1012)1:8 (12.5%)Does not satisfy the accessible-route requirement
Existing-facility alteration exception (ADA Table 405.2)Steeper than 1:12, up to 1:10Maximum rise 6 in for that run
Existing-facility alteration exception (ADA Table 405.2)Steeper than 1:10, up to 1:8Maximum rise 3 in for that run

Nothing steeper than 1:8 is ever allowed under any exception. Vehicle and parking-garage ramps follow a different provision and are not covered by this page.

Where Groundbook fits

Groundbook can compare the accessible-route information shown on your drawings — including ramp slope, routes, doors, and level changes — against the accessibility code or reference material you supply for the review, and flag places where the documents disagree or a requirement does not carry through; see the accessibility plan review checklist. It does not certify ADA compliance, and it does not compute slope for you the way this calculator does — use this tool first, then have Groundbook check the drawn dimensions against your uploaded code sources.

Questions, answered

FAQs

What is the maximum slope for an ADA ramp?

1:12, or 8.33%, for a ramp on an accessible route under the ADA 2010 Standards Section 405.2, matched by IBC Section 1012. An existing-building alteration can go steeper under a separate exception, but never steeper than 1:8.

What is the difference between running slope and cross slope on a ramp?

Running slope is the slope along the direction of travel, capped at 1:12 (8.33%) for an accessible route. Cross slope is the slope perpendicular to travel, capped at 1:48 (2.08%) regardless of the running slope.

How steep can an existing building’s ramp be?

Under the ADA’s existing-facility alteration exception, a ramp steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 is allowed with a maximum rise of 6 in for that run; steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 is allowed with a maximum rise of 3 in. Nothing steeper than 1:8 is ever allowed.

Do I need a landing on every ramp?

An accessible-route ramp needs a landing at least 60 in by 60 in at the top and bottom of every run and at any change of direction, and a run cannot rise more than 30 in before requiring one.

Does this calculator apply to parking garage ramps?

No. Vehicle and parking-garage ramps follow a different provision and are explicitly out of scope for this tool, which covers pedestrian means-of-egress and accessible ramps only.

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